· Eukaryotes
· Non motile
· 1st fossils 900 million yrs ago – 300 million yrs
Why Aren’t Fungi Classified as Plants?
· Reproduce by spores – not seeds
· Lack chlorophyll
· Cell wall of chitin
· Hyphae (hypha)
o Threadlike structures
o May have cross walls
o Mycellium – branched hyphae
· Heterotrophic
o Secrete enzymes
o Saprobes
o Parasites
· Micorrhizae
· Asexually
o Requires spores
o Tips of hyphae become specialized into spores
· Sexually
o Fruiting bodies
1. haploid cells are cells that have 1 of each chromosome (n)
· cells become haploid after undergoing meiosis
· yields genetic variation as 2 haploid cells will combine
2. diploid cells are cells that have 2 of each chromosome (2n)
1. Zygomycota
a. Terrestrial saprobes
b. Rhizopus
c. Asexual reproduction by growing vertical hyphae – form black spore cases
d. Sexual reproduction
i.2 genetically different Rhizopus (haploid)
ii. nuclei fuse which forms a zygospore (diploid)
iii. zygospore undergoes meiosis to produce haploid hyphae
2. Ascomycota
a. Yeasts (bread/alcohol), Dutch Elm Disease
b. Saclike reproductive structure called ascus
c. Asexual reproduction
i.budding
d. Sexual reproduction
i.2 Haploid hyphae fuse
ii. meiosis
iii. Haploid cells break free from ascus
3. Basidiomycota
a. Club fungi, mushrooms, shelf fungi, puff balls
b. Edible/poisonous
c. Saprobes/parasites
d. Structure
i.Cap
ii. Gills
iii. Basidia
· Imperfect Fungi
a. Penicillum
· Lichens
b. Symbiotic relationship (fungus + autotrophic organism)
c. Ex: grow on rocks/trees