Kingdom Monera

Prokaryotes

Single celled organisms

The Kingdom Monera includes:

1.   Archaebacteria

2.   Eubacteria

Strucutre

·   Cell wall

·   Some have capsule

·   Flagella

·   Pili

Single cells or colony

Endospore

Classification based on:

1.         Shape:

a.   cocci (spherical)

b.   bacilli (rod-shaped)

c.   spirilli (spiral-shaped

2.         Nutrition

a.   Autotrophs

i.Photosynthetic

ii.           Chemoynthetic

b.   Heterotrophs

i.Saprobes

ii.           Parasite

3.         Respiration (O2)

a.   Obligate aerobes

b.   Obligate anaerobes

c.   Facultative anaerobes

Reproduction

1.         Asexual

a.   Binary fission

2.         Sexual (Somewhat)

a.   Conjugation

b.   Transformation

c.   Transduction

Viruses

Structure

·   1/10 volume of small bacterium

·   small amount of genetic material

·   capsid

·   bacteriaphage

Replication (reproduction)

·   Lytic cycle

Cancer

Oncogenes

Retrovirus