The Political and Social Climate of France 17^th – 18^th Centuries

It was Louis XIV, better known as the sun king who started France on its road to bankruptcy (1638 – 1715). Louis ruled as an absolute monarch, using his parliament only in times of financial need.

During his time in power, France was involved in a number of small – scale wars in an attempt to fix her boundaries. These small wars helped to bankrupt France, as well as to annoy the neighbors of France.

Louis was responsible for the construction of the Palace of Versailles. This construction cost millions of dollars to complete draining the royal treasury. Some of the most skilled craftsmen and Artisans were employed for several years to help complete the palace.

At that time France divided its society into three classes. However the upper class or aristocracy enjoyed all of the financial benefits in society. Their rights and privileges were guaranteed in the French constitution (free food, entertainment and tax exemptions).

This alone helped to drain the Royal treasury simply because these people did not pay their fair share of taxes.

Louis XIV was obsessed with creating an illusion of grandeur for his country. For these reasons French society was on the brink of rebellion. Overall, the general population had little representation in government simply because the king and the aristocrats controlled the reigns of power. The clergy also enjoyed privileges, particularly the Bishops and Arch Bishops.

Louis was an excellent administrator who handpicked his advisors. Louis invited his government staff to live within the palace of Versailles at the expense of the people. On the surface it appeared that France was the most splendid country in Europe, but beneath the surface, the state of finances was very poor and declining. The lower classes were on the verge of rebellion; however most were not critical to the rule of Louis XIV.

Louis belonged to the Bourbon royal family and he expected absolute authority to be passed on to his successors. Only an active parliament could change the legislative machinery.

Louis XIV was quoted as saying, “L’état c’est moi!”