Cellular Respiration Review

1. What two molecules are formed when a phosphate is removed from ATP?

2. Describe how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are reverse processes.

3. What is the function of ATP? Describe the molecule.

4. All except one of the following are part of the ATP molecule
a) glyceride (b) ribose sugar (c) three phosphate groups (d) adenine

5. Describe the cycle which occurs as ADP is converted into ATP.

6. Differentiate between oxidation and reduction reactions.

7. Why is an electron transport system important to living organisms?

8. Why are oxidation reactions often associated with the production of ATP?

9. In the reaction ADP + P forms ATP is energy stored or released?

10. Compare and contrast ATP production in anaerobic versus aerobic organisms.

11. The primary source of energy for the cell is
a) starch (b) cellulose (c) glucose (d) ATP (e) sunlight

12. Compare and contrast alcoholic fermentation, lactic acid fermentation, and glycolysis.

13. What is the purpose of the phosphorylation of glucose before glycolysis?

14. Explain how the Krebs cycle contributes to the production of ATP.

15. Explain how energy is released in useful packets through the ETC.

16. What molecule carries the hydrogen and electrons removed from glucose?

17. When do animal cells perform photosynthesis?

18. When do plant cells perform photosynthesis?

19. When do animal cells perform cellular respiration?

20. When do plant cells perform cellular respiration?

21. The removal of carbon dioxide from pyruvic acid distinguishes fermentation from lactic acid anaerobic respiration. What would occur if an enzyme in your body removed the carbon dioxide from pyruvic acid before lactic acid formed?

22. Under what conditions does lactic acid fermentation occur in muscles? How can we tell that the fermentation is occurring?

23. Complete the chart below:

	Anaerobic Respiration	Aerobic Respiration
a) net amount of ATP produced
b) terminal electron acceptor
c) location in cell
d) final products

24. Why must glycolysis occur before the steps of aerobic respiration can begin?

25. What kind of fermentation do yeasts perform?

26. What are the waste products of yeast fermentation?

27. Provide an explanation for the fact that the maximum alcohol concentration in wine is often 12%.

28. If yeast cells were large organisms, they could not live anaerobically. Explain.

29. The waste products of cellular respiration are
a) water and urea (b) oxygen and glucose (c) urea and salt (d) water and carbon dioxide

30. Where in the cell does the ETC occur?

31. As glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid, the hydrogen atoms and their electrons are picked up by
a) NAD (b) NAD+ (c) NADP+ (d) NADP

32. Describe the role of NADH in aerobic cells.

33. What happens to the NADH produced by yeast cells that are living in anaerobic conditions?

34. Identify the use of each of the reactants in cellular respiration and the source of each of the products.