Point Mutation - substitute one base for another
Original: A T A C A C
Mutant :
T T A C A C
Frameshift Mutation - a base is either added or removed which causes a shift in the reading frame. Many genes affects
Original: A T A C A C A A G C C
A
Mutant: A T T A C A C A A G C C A
Silent Mutation - a base is changed but the resulting amino acid is the same as in the non mutant DNA. No outward changes.
Original: A A A C A G
Mutant: A
A G C A G
Nonsense Mutation - a codon is changed to a STOP codon
Original: A T A C C C A A
A
Mutant: A T T C C C A A A
Transposon - Jumping Gene, a stretch of DNA that inserts itself into a different spot on a chromsome or another chromosome
*Mutations in DNA can cause a
change in species --> Evolution
*HOX mutations can cause major changes in
morphology