Physics 122 Theory Review
Please Note: a review is not intended to re-teach a 5 month course. Review your text, notes, question sheets, labs and projects for a complete selection of topics and questions.
1.List Aristotle's basic elements.
2. Place them in a diagram.
3. Use the diagram to "explain" why a) smoke rises b) a water-filled goat skin falls.
4. a) Define: scalar.
b) Is 60 m, E a correct example?
5. a) Define: vector.
b) Is 50 kph a correct example?
6. So then, what is the distinction between scalars and vectors?
7. By choosing a reference point when describing some motion situation, one is also choosing what?
8. How does "position" relate to a reference point?
9. Is position a vector or scalar quantity? Why?
10. When is a position a) negative b) positive?
11. How does "distance" relate to a reference point?
12. Is distance a vector or scalar quantity? Why?
13. Which is a position? a) a car travels 200 m to the left of a stop sign. b) a car travels 400 m.
14. Which is a distance? a) the crow flew 400 m. b) the crow flew 700 m S from its nest.
15. A wolf lopes NE along a woodland trail, away from its den. Use a simple sketch to help you apply the idea of "instantaneous position" to this situation.
16. For the same situation and sketch, apply the idea of "displacement".
17. What type of motion would result in a negative displacement?
18. a) What type of graph shows the dependence of an object's position on time measurements?
b) Which quantities belong on which axis? Why?
19. The slope of such a graph reveals what about the object's velocity?
20. Sketch small graphs of an object showing:
a) + displacement b) - displacement c) no displacement.
21. Define: velocity
22. Define: a) + velocity b) - velocity.
23. Consider the following situations: an aardvark moves with a:
i) + velocity and arrives at a + position ii) + velocity and arrives at a - position
iii) - velocity and arrives at a + position iv) - velocity and arrives at a - position.
Which of these situations are possible if the aardvark starts from a:
a) + position b) - position?
24. What shape of time-position graph plot line indicates:
a) constant + velocity b) constant - velocity c) no motion (no displacement).
25. The area under the curve of a) and b) tells us what about the motion of the object?
26. Imagine that you are leaving the city at rush hour. Would your motion be smooth? constant? (Stop lights, stop signs, crossing traffic lines, turning traffic, pedestrians) Sketch a time-position graph describing your progress.
27. a) Compare velocity and speed.
b) Which is the scalar, which the vector? Why?
c) Which is which? i) 12 kph, W ii) 53 m/s
28. What type of graph demonstrates the dependence of an object's velocity on time?
29. How does one find the average velocity during a given time interval from the time-position graph describing the motion of an accelerating object?
30. How does one find the "instantaneous velocity" at a given time on the same graph?
31. Contrast time-position and time-velocity graphs for:
a) uniform velocity b) uniform acceleration c) uniform deceleration d) no displacement
32. Imagine that you are leaving the city at rush hour. Would your motion be smooth? constant? (Stop lights, stop signs, crossing traffic lines, turning traffic, pedestrians) Sketch a time-velocity graph describing your progress.
33. In what type situation would an object show a - acceleration?
34. Look at your graph of uniform acceleration. The slope of such a graph reveals what about the motion of the object?
35. Sketch graphs showing a) increasing acceleration b) increasing deceleration.
36. How does one find average acceleration from a graph describing non-uniform acceleration?
37. How does one find instantaneous acceleration from such a graph?
38. What is another term for deceleration?
39. Pushing on a car's brake pedal has what effect on its motion?
40. What is the result of keeping your foot on the brake for an extended time?
41. How could a rocket be used to decelerate a ship coasting through the inky blackness of space?
42. What would be the result on the ship's motion if the rocket continued to fire for an overly long time?
43. A rock falls from a ledge. Make an accurate sketch of its displacements over a 5 s time period. (Recall your definition of displacement.)
44. Sketch a time-velocity and time-position graph for a vertical pop fly.
45. Compare the magnitude of the baseball's initial upward and final downward velocities.
46. If a ripe mango were tossed in an arc from a cliff edge, what would be the sign of its final position?
47. Only because of attention to position signs, a time-position graph happens to look like the actual path of a projectile moving in an arc. If motion in any direction were considered to be positive, what would be the general shape of all time-position graphs?
48. Redo Q.'s 9-11, p 53.
49. Describe the runner's motion shown in Figure 3-14, p 54.
50. Redo Q.'s 13-17, p 55.
51. Redo Q. 2.2, p 57.
52. Redo Q. 7, p 58.
53. Redo Q. 9, p 58.
54. Redo Q.'s 10-11, p 59.
55. Redo Q. 24, p 61.
56. Redo Q. 4, p 81.
57. Redo Q.'s 3-4, p 82
58. Contrast kinematics and dynamics.
59. Define: force.
60. Name and describe some types of forces.
61. Newton's first law would cause: a) a space ship b) bowling ball to move how? (Recall his "modified" first law.)
62. How does Newton's second law predict what will happen when a person is
a) pulling a child in a wagon b) pushing a stalled car?
63. Which object, child and wagon or car, has more inertia?
64. How does the amount of inertia affect the motion of the object?
65. Reword Newton's second law using the term "inertia".
66. Visualize Newton's third law in a sketch of a horse pulling a wagon by placing action-reaction force pairs.
67. A dust speck motionless in the inky blackness of space is displaying which of Newton's laws?
68. A meteor hurtling through the inky blackness of space is displaying which of Newton's laws?
69. A meteorite resting on the ground is affected which of Newton's laws?
70. As Tons-O-Fun the elephant pushes against a circus wagon, forcing it to move, which law determines its speed?
71. Describe how, in the process of grasping, pulling on, and lifting a heavy suitcase, each of Newton's laws have a role.
72. Contrast mass and weight.
73. Describe the two types of mass.
74. Define: friction.
75. What force causes it?
76. Contrast the two types of friction.
77. Why do they determine that a car whose tires are skidding takes a longer distance to stop.
78. What factors primarily on what factors?
79. How would you move your hand to make a mass resting on it seem weightless?
80. Why does a mass supported on an upward moving hand seem more massive than on a motionless hand?
81. On earth, why do a feather and a hammer not descend at equal rates?
82. Why did they in the famous moon experiment?
83. What is the effect of terminal velocity in these two situations?
84. Define: resultant.
85. Define: component.
86. Vector resolution has what goal? Equilibrium of forces (or vectors) occurs when?
87. What is an equilibrant force?
88. When tugging on a rope that angles up from the ground, increasing the angle has what effect on the components?
89. When pushing on the handle of some tool that angles down into the ground, increasing the angle has what effect on the components?
90. When a crate is sitting on a slope, increasing its angle, has what effect on the crate's weight components?
91. Look at Figure 7-1, p 134. What about vectors allows each ball reach the ground simultaneously?
92. Look at Figure 7-2, p 135. Which dotted motion line is seen by which observer? Why?
93. Define: centripetal acceleration?
94. What force causes it?
95. Would an antagonist muscle pair create more torque when moving a long or short bone?
96. Look at Figure 7-15, p 147. Explain the a and v changes.
97. Which parts of Figure 8-2, p 157 visualize Kepler's Laws?
98. How does the inverse square law affect the influence of gravity between objects?
99. What was the purpose of the experiment depicted in Figure 8-7, p 162?
100. What aspects of the rubber sheet model, p 169, are seen in nature?
101. Define: momentum.
102. Define: impulse.
103. What equation relates them?
104. What are the two force-time situations causing a large impulse?
105. Why does an object impacting a hard surface stop suddenly?
106. Why are large force-short time situations dangerous for humans?
107. In terms of force-time, why does an airbag save lives?
108. Define: angular momentum.
109. What factors affect an object's angular momentum?
110. When spinning, why does pulling in one's arms cause a rotational velocity increase?
111. When two billiard balls collide, what determines their final motions?
112. Use pairs of arrows to show what motion changes could occur when two billiard balls collide.
113. Define: work.
114. Is 39 J, SE a correct example? Why?
115. Define: energy.
116. Define: power.
117. What are the two types of machines?
118. How are they related?
119. Contrast effort and resistance forces.
120. Name the simple machines.
121. Give an example of how each could be used.
122. Explain the differences between the leg MA's of tall and short people.
123. Why does this affect their different successes in long duration continuous motion sports?